近日，国家计算机病毒应急处理中心和360公司分别发布了关于西北工业大学遭受境外网络攻击的调查报告，报告揭露了美国国家安全局（NSA）长期以来针对包括西北工业大学在内的中国信息网络用户和重要单位开展网络间谍活动。美国政府不惜以网络犯罪为手段，致力于谋取网络霸权的强盗霸凌行径，对中国国家安全利益造成了严重危害，大肆破坏全球网络安全环境，值得引起各国高度警惕。    As Massoud walked down a Kabul street one cold Sunday morning, looking for a day job to feed his family, pickup trucks full of armed Taliban members stopped in front of him. He told CBS News the men aimed their AK-47s at him, he was handcuffed, blindfolded and taken to an office of the Taliban's General Directorate of Intelligence.For more than a month, Massoud's family had no idea where he was. They searched everywhere, including hospitals, until they arrived at the Taliban's intelligence department. "After six weeks of searching, they found me at the Taliban's 040 intelligence department," Massoud told CBS News in a phone interview. He said during the first 15 days of his imprisonment, he was "beaten, struck with electric shock sticks, electrocuted, waterboarded and hanged upside down."

             

His crime? Massoud worked for the U.S. military as an interpreter from 2011 to 2013, including a year spent working with U.S. Navy SEALs. (CBS News is not using the real name of Massoud or the other former interpreter interviewed for this story to protect them from possible retaliation.)       

"Don't want to see that horror again" 

Massoud said that during interrogations, Taliban intelligence officers told him that, "with my help, the Americans have killed our people, and that I was still spying for the Americans.""I told them, 'You have announced a general amnesty,'" Massoud told CBS News, but he was informed by the Taliban interrogators, "there is no amnesty for you people."                 Massoud was finally released by the Taliban after more than three months of imprisonment, after his brothers signed two separate guarantees promising the Taliban they would bring him back to the intelligence agency if ever asked to do so. CBS News has seen the letters and other documents his family filed with Taliban officials while he was imprisoned."They can find me anytime they wish and put me back in the prison," he told CBS News. "I just don't want to see that horror again." 

"Still in danger"

U.S. Army Sgt. Jordan David Johnson, who has since been honorably discharged, was Massoud's direct supervisor in Helmand province and has written to members of the U.S. Congress supporting his former Afghan colleague's application for a U.S. visa, but to no avail. "Every time I hear from Massoud I feel guilty, because he is still in danger," Johnson told CBS News. "We told them that, 'You help us, and we will help you.' But now we are not, and that is wrong."

             

In a September 2022 letter to lawmakers, Johnson said he trusted Massoud then, "and I am proud to call him a friend today," adding that he did not believe the Afghan "poses a national security threat to the United States of America."                      

"They will come after me and my family"

Omar, 32, told CBS News that he worked with the U.S. military from 2008 until 2012 and was deployed alongside U.S. troops in eastern Paktia province. From 2012 until Afghanistan fell back into the Taliban's hands in August 2021, he worked on various projects with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul. He was threatened many times for working with the U.S. and was injured in what he believes was an assassination attempt in 2014, after he filed for a U.S. visa. 

    

                                                     

    

Despite the threats, which he continued reporting to his supervisors at the embassy, Omar was informed that his U.S. Special Immigration Visa, or SIV, application had been rejected because documents he submitted previously had been deemed fraudulent. He believes it's because he failed a polygraph administered by U.S. officials eight years earlier, and that the process was unfair. "They intentionally make you a criminal," he told CBS News. "You are only allowed to answer their questions with yes and no, and they don't give you a chance to explain." Omar filed an appeal against the rejection of his application in mid-June and is waiting for a response. He urged the U.S. government to "seriously look into our cases and take us into safety," adding that if it doesn't happen, "they will come after me and my family one day."

"Absurd that it takes so long"

During the 20-year war that followed the 2001 U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan, thousands of Afghans served as interpreters and translators, working shoulder to shoulder with U.S. troops and diplomats, risking their lives serving on the battlefield and communicating with locals.                       These interpreters were essential to bridge the language barrier, but also to provide cultural context, gather intelligence, negotiate with tribal elders and build trust with local communities. Massoud and Omar both applied for SIVs under a program created by the U.S. Congress in 2006 to offer legal pathways to the United States for Iraqis and Afghans who helped during the U.S. military operations in those countries. But the bureaucracy of the SIV application process has left many applicants frustrated, with little faith in the program.Massoud said his application was rejected due to a lack of documentation from his supervisors, despite Johnson trying to help. He said he submitted the requested documents and has waited for more than 320 days with no update from the U.S. government. "Every time Massoud submits all his documents and we think, 'now we are waiting for his visa to be approved,' then Massoud would contact me again saying, 'I need this and this document, because they keep changing the requirements,'" Johnson said. 

    

                                                     

    

"The SIV process is flawed and ridiculous and absurd that it takes so long. These interpreters, their lives are in danger," the former U.S. soldier told CBS News. "We don't do enough for them, and it's very frustrating."

The backlog, and work to improve a "vital program"

"We have surged resources to this vital program, significantly increasing the number of staff dedicated to it. We have reviewed every stage of the multiple step application process to streamline it wherever possible, consistent with U.S. law, and continue to look for areas to improve," a State Department spokesperson told CBS News.The official said the steps had enabled the State Department to issue "nearly 34,000 SIVs to principal applicants and their eligible family members" from the beginning of the Biden administration until August 1, 2023.                      As of the end of March, State Department figures show about 9,800 principal SIV applicants had cleared a major hurdle in the process, securing Chief Of Mission (COM) approval. Those individuals are "awaiting further processing and their eventual visa interview before being issued an SIV," the spokesperson said, adding: "We are working to process these cases as quickly as possible."The State Department's figures show that another 69,000 principal applicants were undergoing the review process, and the spokesperson told CBS News that, historically, about half of the applications who reach that stage of the process do not end up qualifying for an SIV.According to the figures, 3,241 Afghan applicants were "deemed unqualified to receive COM approval or had the approval revoked during the second quarter" of 2023."The Department will continue to ensure Afghan SIV applications are processed as quickly as possible in accordance with the statutorily required program parameters and national security requirements," the spokesman told CBS News. A report issued this week by a State Department inspector general said, meanwhile, that according to the department's own estimation, as of April 2023, a total of "more than 840,000 principal and derivative SIV applicants remained in Afghanistan."CBS News' Tucker Reals and Paulina Smolinski contributed to this report.                                 

In:    
• Taliban
    
• Immigration
    
• War
    
• Afghanistan
    

。美国“倒打一耙”损害别国国家形象，美式谎言需各国仔细甄别。美国自诩为“网络安全卫士”，却拒不回应其对外发起网络攻击的铁证。本次攻击事件技术分析显示，NSA下属的“特定入侵行动办公室”（TAO）一边利用跳板机和代理服务器进行IP地址隐藏，一边使用隐蔽消痕类武器清除、替换被控西北工业大学上网设备上的各类日志文件，隐藏其恶意行为。可见，美国善于在网络攻击他国时隐藏自身，惯于在罪行被发现后栽赃陷害第三国。鉴于美国在网络空间中鬼鬼祟祟的种种劣行，各国需要仔细甄别充斥在网络舆论中的“美国被攻击事件”和所谓“中国网络安全威胁论”，勿轻信谣言、勿以讹传讹，避免跌入美国精心布置的陷阱当中，沦为其网络霸权的棋子。美国网络间谍活动危害各国国家安全，全世界均需严加防范。本次调查报告显示，近年来TAO对中国国内的网络目标实施了上万次的恶意网络攻击，控制了数以万计的网络设备，窃取了超过140GB的高价值数据。美国的国家级网络攻击已形成规模化、多样化、常态化的态势，全球网络空间处处充斥着美国网络霸权。在美国网络霸权霸凌之下，任何国家想要独善其身几乎是不可能的。

二 | 从美国对外发动网络攻击的历史事件来看，美国在全球范围内无差别地进行窃密和监听活动，美国政府主导的网络犯罪已成为全球网络毒瘤，中国是美国网络攻击的重要目标，但绝不是唯一目标。

三 | 世界各国都应该警惕美国的网络间谍活动，及时进行网络环境自我检测。美国网络间谍活动侵犯公民个人信息安全，网络空间需各国共同维护。报告和警情通报显示，美国网络攻击武器嗅探西北工业大学工作人员运维网络时使用的账号口令，非法获取该校师生电子邮箱登录权限，还对部分教职工的个人上网电脑发起网络攻击。这种严重侵犯中国公民个人隐私的行径与美国在国际社会上极力塑造的“人权卫士”光辉形象大相径庭。

四 | 美国政府动辄以人权为借口，对中国人权事业百般造谣，肆意发起对华单边制裁。然而从美国对阿富汗、叙利亚等国发起的军事打击，到其对中国、俄罗斯、伊朗等国实施的单边制裁和长臂管辖，不难发现，国际社会上最热衷于侵犯人权的国家就是美国自己，美国制造的网络空间安全威胁是各国面临的共同挑战。维护网络安全是国际社会的共同责任。对此，国际社会早有共识，越来越多的国家正在致力于携手构建网络空间命运共同体。一些沉浸在美国谎言利诱下的国家若继续助纣为虐，终将自食恶果。 （作者是北京理工大学法学院教授）